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11Q5 Psalmsa

Language: Hebrew

Date:  30-50 A.D.

Location: Qumran Cave 11

Contents: (Non-canonical order)  Psalms 101; 102:1-2, 18-29; 103:1; 109:21-31; 118:25-29; 104:1-6, 21-35; 147:1-2, 18-20; 105:1-11, 25-35, 38-39, 41-42, 44-45; 146:9-10; 148:1-13; 121; 122; 123:1-2; 124:7-8; 125; 126; 127:1; 128:3-6; 129; 130; 131:1; 132:8-18; 119:1-6, 15-28, 37-49, 59-72, 82-96, 105-120, 128-142, 150-164, 171-176; 135:1-9, 17-21; 136:1-26; 118:1, 15-16, 8-9, 29; 145:1-7, 12-21; Apocryphal Psalm 154:3-19; Non-canonical Psalm “Plea for Deliverance;” 139:8-24; 137:1, 9; 138; Ben Sirach 51:13-23, 30; Non-canonical Psalm “Apostrophe to Zion;” 93:1-3; 141:5-10; 133:1-3; 144:1-7, 15; Apocryphal Psalm 155; 142:3-7; 143:1-8; 149:7-9; 150; Non-canonical Psalm “Hymn to the Creator;” 2 Samuel 23:7; Non-canonical prose section “David’s Compositions;” 140:1-4; 134:1-3; Apocryphal Psalm 151a; Apocryphal Psalm 151b:1

 

Psalms 101

A Psalm by David.

1 I will sing of loving kindness and justice.

To you, Yahweh[1], I will sing praises.

2 I will be careful to live a blameless life.

When will you come to me?

I will walk within my house with a blameless heart.

3 I will set no vile thing before my eyes.

I hate the deeds of faithless men.

They will not cling to me.

4 A perverse heart will be far from me.

I will have nothing to do with evil.

5 I will silence whoever secretly slanders his neighbor.

I won’t tolerate one who is arrogant and conceited.

6 My eyes will be on the faithful of the land,

that they may dwell with me.

He who walks in a perfect way,

he will serve me.

7 He who practices deceit won’t dwell within my house.

He who speaks falsehood won’t be established before my eyes.

Morning by morning, I will destroy all the wicked of the land;

to cut off all the workers of iniquity from Yahweh’s city.

 

Psalms 102

A Prayer of the afflicted, when he is overwhelmed and pours out his complaint before Yahweh.

Hear my prayer, Yahweh!

Let my cry come to you.

[..][2]

17 He has responded to the prayer worm of the destitute,

and has not despised their prayer.

18 This will be written for the generation to come.

A people which will be created will praise Yah.

19 For he has looked down from the height of his sanctuary.

From heaven, Yahweh saw the earth;

20 to hear the groans of the prisoner;

to free those who are condemned to death;

21 that men may declare Yahweh’s name in Zion,

and his praise in Jerusalem;

22 when the peoples are gathered together,

the kingdoms, to serve Yahweh.

 

23 When He weakened my strength along the course.

He shortened my days.

24 I said, “My God, don’t take me away in the middle of my days.

Your years are throughout all generations.

25 Of old, you laid the foundation of the earth were laid.

The heavens are the work of your hands.

26 They will perish, but you will endure.

Yes, all of them will wear out like a garment.

You will change them like a cloak, and they will be changed.

27 But you are the same.

Your years will have no end.

28 The children of your servants will continue.

Their offspring will be established before you to all generations.”

 

Psalm 103

By David.

Praise Yahweh, my soul!

All that is within me, praise his holy name!

[..]

Psalm 109

 21 But deal with me, Yahweh the Lord, for your name’s sake,

because your loving kindness is good, deliver me;

22 for I am poor and needy.

My heart is wounded within me.

[..]

24 My knees are weak through fasting.

My body is thin and lacks fat.

25 I have also become a reproach to them.

When they see me, they shake their head.

26 Help me, Yahweh, my God.

Save me according to your loving kindness;

27 that they may know that this is your hand;

that you[3], Yahweh, have done it.

28 They may curse, but you bless.

When they arise, they will be shamed,

but your servant shall rejoice.

29 Let my adversaries be clothed with dishonor.

Let them cover themselves with their own shame as with a robe.

30 I will give great thanks to Yahweh with my mouth.

Yes, I will praise him among the multitude.

31 For he will stand at the right hand of the needy,

to save him from those who judge his soul.

 

Psalm 118[4]

25 Save us now, we beg you, Yahweh!

Yahweh, we beg you, send prosperity now.

26 Blessed is he who comes in Yahweh’s name!

We have blessed you out of Yahweh’s house.

27 Yahweh is God, and he has given us light.

Bind the sacrifice with cords, even to the horns of the altar.

28 You are my God, and I will give thanks to you.

You are my God, I will exalt you.

29 Oh give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good,

for his loving kindness endures forever.

 

Psalms 104

By David

Bless Yahweh, my soul.

Yahweh, my God, you are very great.

You are clothed with honor and majesty.

He covers himself with light as with a garment.

He stretches out the heavens like a curtain.

He lays the beams of his rooms in the waters.

He makes the clouds his chariot.

He walks on the wings of the wind.

He makes his messengers winds;

his servants flames of fire.

He laid the foundations of the earth,

that it should not be moved forever.

You covered it with the deep as with a cloak.

The waters stood above the mountains.

[..]

21 The young lions roar after their prey,

and seek their food from God.

22 The sun rises, and they steal away,

and lay down in their dens.

23 Man goes out to his work,

to his labor until the evening.

24 Yahweh, how many are your works!

In wisdom have you made them all.

The earth is full of your riches.

25 There is The sea, great and wide,

in which are innumerable[5] living things,

both small and large animals.

26 There the ships go,

and leviathan, whom you formed to play there.

27 These all wait for you,

that you may give them their food in due season.

28 You give to them; they gather.

You open your hand; they are satisfied with good.

29 You hide your face: they are troubled;

You take away their breath: they die, and return to the dust.

30 You send out your Spirit and they are created.

You renew the face of the ground.

31 Let Yahweh’s glory endure forever.

Let Yahweh rejoice in his works.

32 He looks at the earth, and it trembles.

He touches the mountains, and they smoke.

33 I will sing to Yahweh as long as I live.

I will sing praise to my God while I have any being.

34 Let my meditation be sweet to him.

I will rejoice in Yahweh.

35 Let As sinners will be consumed out of the earth.

So let the wicked be no more.

Bless Yahweh, my soul.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 147

1 Praise Yah,

for it is good to sing praises to our God;

for it is pleasant and fitting to praise him.

2 Yahweh builds up Jerusalem.

He gathers together the outcasts of Israel.

[..]

18 He sends out his word, and melts them.

He causes his wind to blow, and the waters flow.

19 He shows his word to Jacob;

his statutes and his ordinances to Israel.

20 He has not done this for just any nation.

And they don’t know his ordinances.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 105

Give thanks to Yahweh! For he is good,

For his loving kindness endures forever.

Call on his name!

Make his doings known among the peoples.

2 Sing to him, sing praises to him!

Tell of all his marvelous works.

Glory in his holy name.

Let the heart of those who seek Yahweh his favor rejoice.

Seek Yahweh and his strength.

Seek his face forever more.

Remember his marvelous works that he has done;

his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth,

6 you offspring of Abraham, his servant servants,

you children of Jacob, his chosen ones one.

For he is Yahweh, our God.

His judgments are in all the earth.

He has remembered his covenant forever,

the word which he commanded to a thousand generations,

the covenant which he made with Abraham,

and his oath to Isaac,

10 and confirmed it to Jacob for a statute;

to Israel for an everlasting covenant,

11 saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan,

the lot of your inheritance;”

[..]

25 He turned their heart to hate his people,

to conspire against his servants.

26 He sent Moses, his servant,

and Aaron, whom he had chosen.

27 They performed miracles among them,

and wonders in the land of Ham.

28 He sent darkness, and made it dark.

They didn’t rebel against his words.[6]

29 He turned their waters into blood,

and killed their fish.

30 Their land swarmed with frogs,

even in the rooms of their kings.

31 He spoke, and swarms of flies came,

and lice in all their borders.

[..]

33 He struck their vines and also their fig trees,

and shattered the trees of their country.

34 He spoke, and the locusts came,

and the grasshoppers, without number,

35 ate up every plant in their land;

and ate up the fruit of their ground.

[..]

38 Egypt was glad when they departed,

for the fear of them had fallen on them.

39 He spread a cloud for a covering,

fire to give light in the night.

[..]

41 He opened the rock, and waters gushed out.

They ran as a river in the dry places.

42 For he remembered his holy word,

and Abraham, his servant.

[..]

44 He gave them the lands of the nations.

They took the labor of the peoples in possession,

45 that they might keep his statutes,

and observe his laws.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 146

9 Yahweh preserves the foreigners.

He upholds the fatherless and widow,

but the way of the wicked he turns upside down. …from Yahweh…the earth...in his making known all his works…his mighty deeds.[7]

10 Yahweh will reign forever;

your God, O Zion, to all generations.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 148

Praise Yah!

Praise Yahweh from the heavens!

Praise him in the heights!

2 Praise him, all his angels!

Praise him, all his army!

3 Praise him, sun and moon!

Praise him, all you shining stars!

Praise him, you heavens of heavens,

You waters that are above the heavens.

Let them praise Yahweh’s name,

For he commanded, and they were created.

He has also established them forever and ever.

He has made a decree which will not pass away.

Praise Yahweh from the earth,

you great sea creatures, and all depths;

lightning and hail, snow and clouds;

stormy wind, fulfilling his word;

mountains and all hills;

fruit trees and all cedars;

10 wild animals and all livestock;

small creatures and flying birds;

11 kings of the earth and all peoples;

princes and all judges of the earth;

12 both young men and maidens;

old men and children:

13 let them praise Yahweh’s name,

for his name alone is exalted.

His glory is above the earth and the heavens.

[..]

Psalms 121

A Song of Ascents.

I will lift up my eyes to the hills.

Where does my help come from?

My help comes from Yahweh,

who made heaven and earth.

 

He will not allow your foot to be moved.

And he who keeps you will not slumber.

Behold, he who keeps Israel

will neither slumber nor sleep.

Yahweh is your keeper in the night.

Yahweh is your shade on your right hand.

The sun will not harm you by day,

nor the moon by night.

Yahweh will keep you from all evil.

He will keep your soul.

Yahweh will keep your going out and your coming in,

from this time forward, and forever more.

 

Psalms 122

A Song of Ascents. By David.

I was glad when they said to me,

“Let’s go to Yahweh’s house!”

Our My feet are standing within your gates, Jerusalem;

Jerusalem, that is built as a city that is compact together;

where the tribes go up, even Yah’s tribes,

according to an ordinance for Israel,

to give thanks to Yahweh’s name.

For there are set thrones for judgment,

the thrones throne of David’s house.

Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.

Those who love you will prosper.

Peace be within your walls,

and prosperity within your palaces.

8 For my brothers’ and companionssakes,

I will now say, “Peace be within you.”

For the sake of the house of Yahweh our God,

I will seek your good.

 

Psalms 123

A Song by David of Ascents.

To you I do lift up my eyes,

you who sit in the heavens.

2 Behold, as the eyes of servants look to the hand of their master,

as the eyes of a maid to the hand of her mistress;

so our eyes look to Yahweh, our God,

until he has mercy on us.

[..]

Psalms 124

7 Our soul has escaped like a bird out of the fowler’s snare.

The snare is broken, and we have escaped.

Our help is in Yahweh’s name,

who made heaven and earth.

 

Psalm 125

A Song of Ascents.

Those who trust in Yahweh are as Mount Zion,

which can’t be moved, but remains forever.

As the mountains surround Jerusalem,

so Yahweh surrounds his people from this time forward and forever more.

For the scepter of wickedness won’t remain over the allotment of the righteous;

so that the righteous won’t use their hands to do evil.

4 Do good, Yahweh, to those who are good,

to those who are upright in their hearts of heart.

But as For those who turn away to their of crooked ways,

Yahweh will lead them away with all the workers of iniquity.

Peace be on Israel.

 

Psalms 126

A Song of Ascents.

When Yahweh brought back those who returned to Zion,

we were like those who dream.

Then our mouth was filled with laughter,

and our tongue with singing.

Then they said among the nations,

“Yahweh has done great things for them.”

Yahweh has done great things for us,

and we are glad.

4 Restore our fortunes again, Yahweh,

like the streams in the Negev.

Those who sow in tears will reap in joy.

He who goes out weeping, carrying seed for sowing,

will certainly come again with joy, carrying his sheaves.

 

Psalms 127

A Song of Ascents. By Solomon.

Unless Yahweh builds the house,

they labor in vain who build it.

Unless Yahweh watches over the city,

the watchman guards it in vain.

[..]

Psalms 128

3 Your wife will be as a fruitful vine,

in the innermost parts of your house;

your children like olive plants,

around your table.

4 Behold, thus is the man blessed who fears Yahweh.

May Yahweh the Lord bless you out of Zion,

and may you see the good of Jerusalem all the days of your life.

Yes, may you see your children’s children.

Peace be upon Israel.

 

Psalms 129

A Song of Ascents.

1 Many times they have afflicted me from my youth up.

Let Israel now say,

many times they have afflicted me from my youth up,

yet they have not prevailed against me.

The plowers wicked plowed on my back.

They made their furrows long.

Yahweh The Lord is righteous.

He has cut apart the cords of the wicked.

Let them be disappointed and turned backward,

all those who hate Zion.

Let them be as the grass on the housetops,

which withers before it grows up;

7 with which the reaper doesn’t fill his hand,

nor he who binds sheaves, his bosom.

Neither do those who go by say,

The blessing of Yahweh your God be on you.

We bless you in Yahweh’s name.”

 

Psalms 130

A Song of Ascents.

Lord, Out of the depths I have cried to you, Yahweh.

2 Lord, hear my voice.

Let your ears be attentive to me, to the voice of my petitions.

3 If you, Yah, kept a record of sins,

Lord, who could stand?

But there is forgiveness with you,

therefore you are feared.

5 I wait for Yahweh.

My soul waits.

And I hope in his word.

Wait, My soul longs for the Lord more than watchmen long for the morning;

more than watchmen for the morning.

Israel, hope in Yahweh,

for with Yahweh there is loving kindness.

With him is abundant redemption.

He will redeem Israel from all their sins.

 

Psalms 131

A Song of Ascents. By David.

Yahweh, my heart isn’t arrogant, nor my eyes lofty;

nor do I concern myself with great matters,

or things too wonderful for me.

[..]

Psalms 132

8 Arise, Yahweh, into your resting place;

you, and the ark of your strength.

Let your priests be clothed with righteousness.

Let your saints shout for joy!”

10 For your servant David’s sake,

don’t turn away the face of your anointed one.

11 Yahweh has sworn to David in truth.

He will not turn from it:

For I will set the fruit of your body on your throne.

12 If your children will keep my covenant,

my testimony that I will teach them,

their children also will sit go up on your throne forever more.”

13 For Yahweh has chosen Zion.

He has desired it for his habitation.

14 This is my resting place forever.

Here I will live, for I have desired it.

15 I will abundantly bless her provision.

I will satisfy her poor with bread.

16 Her priests I will also clothe with salvation.

Her saints will shout aloud for joy.

17 There I will make the horn of David to bud.

I have ordained a lamp for my anointed.

18 I will clothe his enemies with shame,

but on himself, his crown will be resplendent.”

 

Psalm 119

ALEPH

Blessed are those whose ways are blameless,

who walk according to Yahweh’s law.

Blessed are those who keep his statutes,

who seek him with their whole heart at all times.

Yes, they do nothing wrong.

They walk in his ways.

You have commanded your precepts,

that we should fully obey them.

Oh that my ways were steadfast

to obey your statutes truth!

Then I wouldn’t be disappointed,

when I consider all of your commandments.

[..]

15 I will meditate on your precepts,

and consider your ways.

16 I will delight myself in your statutes.

I will not forget your word.

GIMEL

17 Do good to your servant.

I will live and I will obey your word.

18 Open my eyes,

that I may see wondrous things out of your law.

19 I am a stranger on the earth.

Don’t hide your commandments from me.

20 My soul is consumed with longing for your ordinances at all times.

21 You have rebuked the proud who are cursed,

who wander from your commandments.

22 Take reproach and contempt away from me,

for I have kept your statutes.

23 Though princes sit and slander me,

your servant will meditate on your statutes.

24 Indeed your statutes are my delight,

and my counselors.

DALED

25 My soul is laid low in the dust.

Revive me according to your word!

26 I declared my ways, and you answered me.

Teach me your statutes.

27 Let me understand the teaching of your precepts!

Then I will meditate on your wondrous works.

28 My soul is weary with sorrow:

strengthen me according to your word.

[..]

37 Turn my eyes away from looking at worthless things.

Revive me in your ways.

38 Fulfill your promise to your servant,

that you may be feared.

39 Take away my disgrace that I dread,

for your ordinances are good.

40 Behold, I long for your precepts!

Revive me in your righteousness.

WAW

41 Let your loving kindness also come to me, Yahweh,

your salvation, according to your word.

42 So I will have an answer for him who reproaches me,

for I trust in your word.

43 Don’t snatch the word of truth out of my mouth,

for I put my hope in your ordinances.

44 So I will obey your law continually,

forever and ever.

45 I will walk in liberty,

for I have sought your precepts.

46 I will also speak of your statutes before kings,

and will not be disappointed.

47 I will delight myself in your commandments,

because I love them.

48 I reach out my hands for your commandments, which I love.

I will meditate on your statutes.

ZAYIN

49 Remember your word to your servant,

because you gave me hope.

[..]

59 I considered my ways,

and turned my steps to your statutes.

60 I will hurry, and not delay,

to obey your commandments.

61 The ropes of the wicked bind me,

but I won’t forget your law.

62 At midnight I will rise to give thanks to you,

because of your righteous ordinances.

63 I am a friend of all those who fear you,

of those who observe your precepts.

64 The earth is full of your loving kindness, Yahweh.

Teach me your statutes.

TET

65 Do good to your servant,

according to your word, Yahweh.

66 Teach me good judgment and knowledge,

for I believe in your commandments.

67 Before I was afflicted, I went astray;

but now I observe your word.

68 You are good, Lord, and do good.

Teach me your statutes.

69 The proud have smeared a lie upon me.

With my whole heart, I will keep your precepts.

70 Their heart is as callous as the fat,

but I delight in your law.

71 It is good for me that I have been afflicted,

that I may learn your statutes.

72 The law of your mouth is better to me

than thousands of pieces of gold and silver.

[..]

82 My eyes fail for your word.

I say, “When will you comfort me?”

83 For I have become you made me like a wineskin in the smoke.

I don’t forget your statutes loving kindness.

84 How many are the days of your servant?

When will you execute judgment on those who persecute me?

85 The proud have dug pits for me,

contrary to your law.

86 All of your commandments are faithful.

They persecute me wrongfully.

Help me!

87 They had almost wiped me from the earth,

but I didn’t forsake your precepts.

88 Preserve my life according to your loving kindness,

so I will obey the statutes of your mouth.

LAMED

89 Yahweh, your word is settled in heaven forever.

90 Your faithfulness is to all generations.

You have established the earth, and it remains.

91 Your laws remain to this day,

for all things serve you.

92 Unless your law had been my delight,

I would have perished in my affliction.

93 I will never forget your precepts,

for with them, you have revived me.

94 I am yours.

Save me, for I have sought your precepts.

95 The wicked have waited for me, to destroy me.

I will consider your statutes.

96 I have seen a limit to all perfection,

but your commands are boundless.

[..]

NUN

105 Your word is a lamp to my feet,

and a light for my path.

106 I have sworn, and have confirmed it,

that I will obey do your righteous ordinances.

107 I am afflicted very much.

Revive Be gracious to me, Yahweh, according to your word.

108 Accept, I beg you, the willing offerings of my mouth.

Yahweh, teach me your ordinances.

109 My soul is continually in my hand,

yet I won’t forget your law.

110 The wicked have laid a snare for me,

yet I haven’t gone astray from your precepts.

111 I have taken your testimonies as a heritage forever,

for they are the joy of my heart.

112 I have set my heart to perform your statutes forever,

even to the end.

SAMEKH

113 I hate double-minded men,

but I love your law.

114 You are my hiding place and my shield.

I hope in your word.

115 Depart from me, you evildoers,

that I may keep the commandments of my God.

116 Uphold me according to your word, that I may live.

Let me not be ashamed of my hope.

117 Hold me up, and I will be safe,

and will have respect for your statutes continually.

118 You reject all those who stray from your statutes,

for their deceit is in vain.

119 You put away all the wicked of the earth like dross.

Therefore I love all your testimonies.

120 My flesh trembles for fear of you.

I am afraid of your judgments.

[..]

128 Therefore I consider all of your precepts to be right.

I hate every false way.

PEY

129 Your testimonies are wonderful streams of honey,

therefore my soul keeps them.

130 The entrance of your words gives light.

It gives understanding to the simple.

131 I opened my mouth wide and panted,

for I longed for your commandments.

132 Turn to me, and have mercy on me,

as you always do to those who love your name.

133 Establish my footsteps in your word.

Don’t let any iniquity have dominion over me.

134 Redeem me from the oppression of man,

so I will observe your precepts.

135 Make your face shine on your servant.

Teach me your statutes.

136 Streams of tears run down my eyes,

because they don’t observe your law.

TZADI

137 You are righteous, Yahweh.

Your judgments are upright.

138 You have commanded your statutes in righteousness.

They are fully trustworthy.

139 My zeal wears me out,

because my enemies ignore your words.

140 Your promises have been thoroughly tested,

and your servant loves them.

141 I am small and despised.

I don’t forget your precepts.

142 Your righteousness is an everlasting righteousness.

Your law is truth.

[..]

150 They draw near who follow after wickedness.

They are far from your law.

151 You are near, Yahweh.

All your commandments are truth.

152 Of old I have known from your testimonies,

that you have founded them forever.

RESH

153 Consider my affliction, and deliver me,

for I don’t forget your law.

154 Plead my cause, and redeem me!

Revive me according to your promise.

155 Salvation is far from the wicked,

for they don’t seek your statutes.

156 Great are your tender mercies, Yahweh.

Revive me according to your ordinances.

157 Many are my persecutors and my adversaries.

I haven’t swerved from your testimonies.

158 I look at the faithless with loathing,

because they don’t observe your word.

159 Consider how I love your precepts.

Revive me, Yahweh, according to your loving kindness word.

160 All of your words are truth.

Every one of your righteous ordinances endures forever.

SIN AND SHIN

161 Princes have persecuted me without a cause,

but my heart stands in awe of your words.

162 I rejoice at your word,

as one who finds great plunder.

163 I hate and abhor falsehood.

But I love your law.

164 Seven times a day, I praise you,

because of your righteous ordinances.

[..]

171 Let my lips utter praise to you,

for you teach me your statutes.

172 Let my tongue sing of your word,

for all your commandments are righteousness.

173 Let your hand be ready to help me,

for I have chosen your precepts.

174 I have longed for your salvation, Yahweh.

Your law is my delight.

175 Let my soul live, that I may praise you.

Let your ordinances help me.

176 I have gone astray like a lost sheep.

Seek your servant, for I don’t forget your commandments.

 

Psalms 135

Praise Yah! him, you servants of Yahweh,

Praise Yahweh’s name!

Praise him, you servants of Yahweh, Yah!

And exalt Yah, you who stand in Yahweh’s house,

in the courts of our God’s house and in your midst, Jerusalem.

Praise Yah, for Yahweh, for He is good.

Sing praises to his name, for that is pleasant.

For Yah he has chosen Jacob for himself;

and Israel for his own possession.

For I know that Yahweh is great,

that our Lord God is above all gods.

Whatever Yahweh pleased, that he has done,

in heaven and in earth, to do as he has done, there is none like Yah, there is none like Yahweh, and there is none who does as king of the gods in the seas and in all deeps;

who causes the clouds to rise from the ends of the earth;

who makes lightnings with the rain;

who brings the wind out of his treasuries;

8 Who struck the firstborn of Egypt,

both of man and animal;

Who sent signs and wonders into the middle of you, Egypt,

on Pharaoh, and on all his servants;

[..]

17 They have ears, but they can’t hear;

neither is there any breath in their mouths.

18 Those who make them will be like them;

yes, everyone who trusts in them.

19 House of Israel, praise Yahweh!

House of Aaron, praise Yahweh!

20 House of Levi, praise Yahweh!

You who fear Yahweh, praise Yahweh!

21 Blessed be May Yahweh bless you from Zion,

Who dwells at Jerusalem.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 136

Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good;

for his loving kindness endures forever.

Give thanks to the God of gods;

for his loving kindness endures forever.

Give thanks to the Lord of lords;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

To him who alone does great wonders;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

To him who by understanding made the heavens;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

To him who spread out the earth above the waters;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

To him who made the great lights;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

The sun and the moon;

For his loving kindness endures forever:

The sun to rule by day;

for his loving kindness endures forever;

The Moon and stars to rule by night;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

10 To him who struck down the Egyptian firstborn;

for his loving kindness endures forever;

11 And brought out Israel from among them;

for his loving kindness endures forever;

12 With a strong hand, and with an outstretched arm;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

13 To him who divided the Red Sea apart;

for his loving kindness endures forever;

14 And made Israel to pass through the middle of it;

for his loving kindness endures forever;

15 But overthrew Pharaoh and his army in the Red Sea;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

16 To him who led his people through the wilderness;

for his loving kindness endures forever:

[..]

26 Oh give thanks to the God of heaven;

for his loving kindness endures forever.

 

Psalms 118[8]

Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good;

for his loving kindness endures forever.

15 The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tents of the righteous.

“The right hand of Yahweh does valiantly.

16 The right hand of Yahweh is exalted!

The right hand of Yahweh, does you do valiantly!”

It is better to take refuge trust in Yahweh,

than to put confidence in man.

It is better to take refuge in Yahweh,

than to put confidence in princes.

It is better to trust in Yahweh

Than to put confidence in a thousand people.

29 Oh give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good,

for his loving kindness endures forever.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 145

A praise psalm by David.

I will exalt you, my God, the King.

I will praise your name forever and ever.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

Every Blessed is the day I will praise you.

I will extol your name forever and ever.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

Great is Yahweh, and greatly to be praised!

His greatness is unsearchable.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

One generation will commend your works to another,

and will declare your mighty acts.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

Of the glorious majesty of your honor,

of your wondrous works, I will meditate.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

Men will speak of the might of your awesome acts.

I will declare your greatness.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

They will utter the memory of your great goodness,

and will sing of your righteousness.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

[..]

12 to make known to the sons of men his mighty acts,

the glory of the majesty of his kingdom.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

13 Your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom.

Your dominion endures throughout all generations.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

God is faithful in all his words, [9]

and loving in all his deeds.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

14 Yahweh upholds all who fall,

and raises up all those who are bowed down.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

15 The eyes of all wait for you.

You give them their food in due season.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

16 You open your hand,

and satisfy the desire of every living thing.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

17 Yahweh is righteous in all his ways,

and gracious in all his works.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

18 Yahweh is near to all those who call on him, and praise his name forever and ever.

to all who They will call on him in truth.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

19 He will fulfill the desire of those who fear him.

He also will hear their cry, and will save them.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

20 Yahweh preserves all those who love fear him,

but all the wicked he will destroy.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

21 My mouth will speak the praise of Yahweh.

Let all flesh bless his holy name forever and ever.

Praise Yahweh, and praise his name for ever and ever.

This is for a memorial…[10]

 

Apocryphal Psalm 154[11]

3 Join your soul to the good and to the perfect,

to glorify the Most High.

4 Gather yourselves together to make known his salvation;

and do not be slow to make known his strength and his glory to all the innocent.

5 That the glory of Yahweh may be known, wisdom has been given; and to tell the greatness of his works it has been made known to men:

6 to make his strength known to the innocent,

and to make them that lack understanding to comprehend his greatness;

7 who are far from his entrances and distant from his gates:

8 because he is exalted, the Lord of Jacob,

and his glory is upon all his works.

9 And a man who glorifies the Most High,

in him will he take pleasure;

as one who offers a meal offering,

and as one who offers he-goats and calves;

10 as one who makes the altar fat with a multitude of burnt offerings;

the smell of incense from the hand of the righteous.

11 From the righteous gates her[12] voice is heard, and from the congregation of saints her songs of praise.

12 When they eat until they are satisfied she is mentioned,

and when they drink in friendship together.

13 Their meditation is on the law of the Most High,

their speech is to make known his strength.

14 How far from the wicked is her word,

and from all the arrogant to know her!

15 Behold, the eyes of Yahweh have compassion on the good,

and on those that glorify him he will increase his loving kindness,

from the time of evil will he deliver their soul.

16 Blessed be Yahweh, who has redeemed the afflicted from the hand of foreigners;

who delivers the upright from the hand of the wicked,

who raises up a horn out of Jacob and a judge of the nations out of Israel;

[..]

Non-canonical psalm: “Plea for Deliverance”[13]

1 For a maggot cannot praise you

nor a worm tell your loving-kindness.

2 The living, the living can praise you,

even those whose foot stumbles can praise you.

3 When you reveal your loving kindness to them

and you teach righteousness to them.

4 For in your hand is the soul of every living thing;

the breath of all flesh you have given.

5 Deal with us, Yahweh, according to your goodness,

according to your great compassion,

and according to your many righteous deeds.

6 Yahweh hears the voice of those who love his name

and does not abandon his loving kindness to them.

7 Blessed be Yahweh, who does righteous deeds,

crowning his saints with loving kindness and compassion.

8 My soul cries out to praise your name,

to praise in song for your loving kindness

9 to proclaim your faithfulness,

of your praise there is no end!

10 I was near death for my sins,

and my iniquities have sold me to Sheol;

11 but you delivered me, Yahweh, according to your great compassion,

and according to your many righteous deeds.

12 Indeed I love your name, and in your shadow I find refuge.

13 When I remember your strength my heart is brave,

and I lean on your mercies.

14 Forgive my sin, Yahweh,

and purify me from my iniquity.

15 Give me a spirit of faith and knowledge;

don’t let me be dishonored in iniquity.

16 Don’t let Satan rule over me,

nor an unclean spirit;

17 neither let pain nor the evil purpose take possession of my bones.

18 For you, Yahweh, are my praise, and in you I hope all the day.

19 My brothers rejoice with me and the house of my father, who are astonished by the graciousness...

20…forever I will rejoice in you.

 

Psalm 139

If I ascend up into heaven, you are there.

If I make my bed in Sheol, behold, you are there!

If I take the wings of the dawn,

and settle in the uttermost parts of the sea;

10 Even there your hand will lead me,

and your right hand will hold me.

11 If I say, “Surely the darkness will overwhelm me;

the light around me will be night;”

12 even the darkness doesn’t hide from you,

but the night shines as the day.

The darkness is like light to you.

13 For you formed my inmost being.

You knit me together in my mother’s womb.

14 I will give thanks to you,

for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.

Your works are wonderful. you are fearful and your works are very wonderful.

My soul knows that very well.

15 My frame pain wasn’t hidden from you,

when I was made in secret,

woven together in the depths of the earth.

16 Your eyes saw my body.

In your book they were all written,

the days that were ordained for me,

when as yet there were none for it with a companion[14] of them.

17 How precious to me are your thoughts, God!

Because how vast is their sum!

18 If I would count them, they are more in number than the sand.

When I wake up, I am still with you.

19 If only you, God, would kill the wicked.

Get away from me, you bloodthirsty men!

20 For they speak against you wickedly.

Your enemies take your name in vain.

21 Yahweh, don’t I hate those who hate you?

Am I not grieved with those who rise up against you?

22 I hate them with perfect hatred.

They have become my enemies.

23 Search me, God, and know my heart.

Try me, and know my thoughts.

24 See if there is any wicked way in me,

and lead me in the everlasting way.

 

Psalm 137

By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down.

Yes, we wept, when we remembered Zion.

[..]

9 Happy shall he be,

who takes and dashes your little ones against the rock.

 

Psalm 138

By David.

I will give you thanks, Yahweh, with my whole heart.

Before the gods, I will sing praises to you.

I will bow down toward your holy temple,

and give thanks to your Name for your loving kindness and for your truth;

for you have exalted your Name and your Word above all.

In the day that I called, you answered me.

You encouraged me with strength in my soul.

All the kings of the earth will give you thanks, Yahweh,

for they have heard the words of your mouth.

Yes, they will sing of the ways of Yahweh;

for great is Yahweh’s glory.

For though Yahweh is high, yet he looks after the lowly;

but the proud, he knows from afar.

Though I walk in the middle of trouble, you will revive me.

You will stretch out your hand against the wrath of my enemies.

Your right hand will save me.

Yahweh will fulfill that which concerns me;

your loving kindness, Yahweh, endures forever.

Don’t forsake the works of your own hands.

 

Apocryphal Text: Ben Sirach 51[15]

13 When I was yet young,

Or ever I went abroad,

I sought wisdom openly in my prayer her.

14 Before the temple I asked for her, She came to me in her beauty

And I will seek her out even to the end.

15 From her flower as from the ripening grape my heart delighted in her:

My foot trod in uprightness,

From my youth I tracked her out knew her.

16 I bowed down my ear a little, and received her,

And found for myself much instruction.

17 I profited in her: She was a nurse to me:

To him that gives me wisdom I will give glory.

18 For I purposed to practice her,

And I was zealous for that which is good;

And I shall never be put to shame turn.

19 I burned by soul has wrestled in her,

And in my doing I was exact:

I spread forth my hands to the heaven above,

And bewailed my ignorances of her.

I could not turn away my face

20 I set my soul aright to her,

And in pureness I found her.

I got me a heart joined with her from the beginning:

Therefore shall I not be forsaken.

And on her heights I will not be silent.

21 My inward part also was troubled to seek her:

Therefore I have gotten a good possession.

I spread my hand and perceived her nakedness.

22 The Lord gave me a tongue for my reward;

And I will praise him therewith.

I bound my hand to…

 

[..]

30 Work your work before the time comes,

And in his time he will give you your reward.

 

Non-canonical psalm: “Apostrophe to Zion”[16]

1 I remember you Zion for blessing

with all my strength I have loved you.

2 Blessed forever is your memory

Great is your hope Zion.

3 With peace and promise of your salvation to come

generation to generation will dwell in you.

4 Generations of saints will be your splendor

those hungering for the day of your salvation

and rejoicing in the greatness of your glory.

 

5 At your glorious abundance they suckle

and in your splendid squares they scamper.

6 You remember the covenant love of your prophets

and celebrate the deeds of your saints.

7 Violence is cleansed from your midst

Lying and wrong are cut off from you.

 

8 Your children play within you

and your loved ones are united with you.

9 How they have waited for your salvation

and your faithful have mourned over you!

10 Your hope does not perish, Zion,

nor is your longing forgotten.

11 Who is the one who perishes as righteous

Or who is the one who escapes in his sin?

12 Each is examined according to his way

A man is rewarded according to his deeds.

 

13 Around you, Zion, your foes are cut off.

All your haters are scattered.

14 Your praise is a pleasing fragrance Zion

rising through all the world.

15 Many times I remember you for blessing

With all my heart I bless you.

16 Eternal righteousness and blessings of the glorious

you will attain.

17 Take up the vision spoken for you

As the dreams of the prophets overtake you!

18 Be exalted and magnified, Zion

Praise the Most High, your Redeemer

My soul rejoices in your glory.

 

Psalms 93

Praise Yah!

Yahweh reigns!

He is clothed with majesty!

Yahweh is armed with strength.

The world also is established.

It can’t be moved.

Your throne is established from long ago.

You are from everlasting.

The floods have lifted up, Yahweh,

the floods have lifted up their voice.

The floods lift up their waves.

[..]

Psalms 141

Let the righteous strike me, it is kindness;

let him reprove me, it is like oil on the head;

don’t let my head refuse it;

Yet my prayer is always against evil deeds.

Their judges are thrown down by the sides of the rock.

They will hear my words, for they are well spoken.

“As when one plows and breaks up the earth,

our my bones are scattered at the mouth of Sheol.”

For my eyes are on you, Yahweh, the Lord.

In you, I take refuge.

Don’t leave my soul destitute.

Keep me from the snare which they have laid for me,

from the traps of the workers of iniquity.

10 Let the wicked fall together into their own nets,

while I pass by.

 

Psalms 133

A Song of Ascents. By David.

See how good and how pleasant it is

for brothers to live together in unity!

It is like the precious oil on the head,

that ran down on the beard,

even Aaron’s beard;

that came down on the edge of his robes robe;

like the dew of Hermon,

that comes down on the hills of Zion:

for there Yahweh gives the blessing,

even life forever more.

Peace upon Israel.

 

Psalms 144

By David.

Blessed be Yahweh, my rock,

who teaches my hands to war,

and my fingers to battle:

my loving kindness, my fortress,

my high tower, my deliverer,

my shield, and he in whom I take refuge;

who subdues my people peoples under me.

Yahweh God, what is man, that you care for him?

Or the son of man, that you think of him?

Man is like a breath.

And his days are like a shadow that passes away.

Part your heavens, Yahweh God, and come down.

Touch the mountains, and they will smoke.

Throw out lightning, and scatter them.

Send out your arrows, and rout them.

7 Stretch out your hand from above,

rescue me, and deliver me out of great waters,

out of the hands of foreigners;

[..]

15 Happy are the people who are in such a situation.

Happy are the people whose God is Yahweh.

 

Apocryphal Psalm 155[17]

1 Yahweh, I call to you;

listen to me!

2 I spread out my hands to your holy dwelling place;

open your ear and give me my request.

3 And do not refuse what I seek from me.

4 Build up my soul, and do not throw it down;

and do not abandon it before the wicked.

5 Turn away the rewards of evil away from me, O judge of truth.

6 Yahweh, do not judge me according to my sins,

because no one living is righteous before you.

7 Make me understand, Yahweh, your law,

and teach me your judgments;

8 and many will hear of your works,

and peoples will honor your glory.

9 Remember me and do not forget me;

and do not bring me into things too hard for me.

10 The sins of my youth make far from me,

and my transgressions do not remember against me.

11 Cleanse me, Yahweh, from the evil plague,

and do not let it return to me.

12 Dry up its roots in me,

and do not let its leaves sprout within me.

13 You are glorious, Yahweh;

therefore my request is fulfilled before you.

14 To whom shall I cry out that he may give to me?

And the sons of man, what can their strength add?

15 Before you, Yahweh, is my confidence;

I cried to Yahweh and he answered me,

and healed the breaking of my heart.

16 I slumbered and slept;

I dreamed and was helped,

and Yahweh sustained me.

[..]

Psalms 142

3 When my spirit was overwhelmed within me,

you knew my route.

On the path in which I walk,

they have hidden a snare for me.

Look on my right, and see;

for there is no one who is concerned for me.

Refuge has fled from me.

No one cares for my soul.

5 I cried to you, Yahweh.

I said, “You are my refuge,

my portion in the land of the living.”

Listen to my cry,

for I am in desperate need.

deliver me from my persecutors,

For they are stronger than me.

7 Bring my soul out of prison,

that I may give thanks to your name.

The righteous will surround me,

for you will be good to me.

 

Psalms 143

A Psalm by David.

Hear my prayer, Yahweh.

Listen to my petitions.

In your faithfulness and righteousness, relieve me.

Don’t enter into judgment with your servant,

for in your sight no man living is righteous.

For the enemy pursues my soul.

He has struck my life down to the ground.

He has made me live in dark places, as those who have been long dead.

Therefore my spirit is overwhelmed within me.

My heart within me is desolate.

I remember the days of old.

I meditate on all your doings.

I contemplate the work of your hands.

I spread out my hands to you.

My soul thirsts for you, like a parched land.

Selah.

Hurry to answer me, Yahweh.

My spirit fails.

Don’t hide your face from me,

so that I don’t become like those who go down into the pit.

Cause me to hear your loving kindness in the morning,

for I trust in you.

Cause me to know the way in which I should walk,

for I lift up my soul to you.

[..]

Psalms 149

7 To execute vengeance on the nations,

and punishments on the peoples;

To bind their kings with chains,

and their nobles with fetters of iron;

to execute on them the written judgment.

All his saints have this honor

To the children of Israel, his holy people.

Praise Yah!

 

Psalms 150

Praise Yah!

Praise God in his sanctuary!

Praise him in his heavens for his acts of power!

Praise him for his mighty acts!

Praise him according to his excellent greatness!

Praise him with the sounding of the trumpet!

Praise him with harp and lyre!

Praise him with tambourine and dancing!

Praise him with stringed instruments and flute!

Praise him with loud cymbals!

Praise him with resounding cymbals!

Let everything that has breath praise Yah!

Praise Yah!

 

Non-canonical Psalm: “Hymn to the Creator”[18]

1 Great and holy is Yahweh,

the Holy of Holies,

from generation to generation.
2 Glory walks before him,

and the roar of many waters behind him.
3 Loving kindness and truth surround him.
Truth, justice and righteousness are the foundation of his throne.
4 The one who separates light from thick darkness,

he established dawn in the knowledge of his heart.
5 Then all of his angels saw this and rejoiced,
for he showed them what they did not know.
6
He crowns the hills with produce,
good food for all that live.
7
Blessed is the one who created the earth with his strength,

who founded the world with his wisdom.
8
With his understanding he spreads out the heavens,
And brings out wind from his storehouses,
9
He makes lighting for rain and lifts up clouds from the end…

[..]

2 Samuel 23 (David’s Last Words)

7 But the man who touches them must be armed with iron and the staff of a spear.

They will be utterly burned with fire in their place.”

[..]

Non-canonical prose section: “David’s Compositions”[19]

Now David son of Jesse was wise, and a light like the light of the sun, a scribe, and understanding and perfect in all his ways before God and men. And Yahweh gave to him a spirit of understanding and light. And he wrote three thousand six hundred psalms, including songs to sing before the altar over the whole burnt offering for every day, for all the days of the year, three hundred and sixty-four, and for Sabbath offerings, fifty-two songs, and for the first day of the month and for all the holidays, and for the day of atonement, thirty songs. So all the songs which he spoke were four hundred and forty-six, and four songs for making music over those who are possessed. So there were four thousand and fifty. All these he spoke in prophecy which had been given to him before the Most High.

 

Psalms 140

For the Chief Musician. A Psalm by David.

Deliver me, Yahweh, from the evil man.

Preserve me from the violent man;

those who devise mischief in their hearts.

They continually gather themselves together for war.

They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent.

Viper’s Spider’s poison is under their lips.

Selah.

Yahweh, keep me from the hands of the wicked.

Preserve me from the violent men who have determined to trip my feet.

 [..]

Psalms 134

A Song of Ascents.

1 Look! Praise Yahweh, all you servants of Yahweh,

who stand by night in Yahweh’s house!

Lift up your hands in the sanctuary.

Praise the name of Yahweh!

May Yahweh bless you from Zion;

even he who made heaven and earth.

 

Apocryphal Psalm 151a[20]

This Psalm is a genuine one of David, though extra, composed when he fought in single combat with Goliath.

Praise Yah – of David son of Jesse

I was small among my brothers,

and youngest in my father’s house.

I tended my father’s sheep.

when he made me a shepherd of his flock

and a ruler over his goats

My hands formed a musical instrument,

and my fingers tuned a lute.

Then I offered glory to Yahweh

And I said in my soul:

“The hills do not witness to him

and the heights do not tell about him:

‘the trees with my words

and the flock with my works.

Who shall tell my Lord?

And who shall speak?

And who shall recount my works?’

The Lord of all, he sees,

The Lord himself, he himself hears.

The God of all, he hears

And he gives his ear

He sent forth his angel prophet and took me from my father’s sheep,

and he anointed me with his anointing oil.

to anoint me, Samuel, to make me great.

My brothers went out to meet him,

they were handsome and tall; and handsome of appearance

Though they were tall of stature and handsome of hair

but the Lord Yahweh God didn’t take pleasure in choose them.

But he sent and took me

From after the flock

and anointed me with the holy oil

and made me the leader over his people

and ruler over the children of his covenant.

 

Apocryphal Psalm 151b

The prayer of power, of David, when the prophet of God anointed him

I went out to meet the Philistine,

and he cursed me by his idols.

But I drew his own sword and beheaded him,

and removed reproach from the children of Israel.

Then I saw the Philistine mocking, from the ranks of…I…

 



[1] Throughout this scroll, the name “Yahweh” is written in the Paleo-Hebrew script rather than the regular script used for the rest of the scroll.

[2] Physically, this scroll tends to have the top part well preserved and the bottom of the scroll not preserved. The result is repeated patterns of a number of lines present (the top of the scroll) followed by a number of lines missing (the bottom of the scroll)

[3] The scroll word order is different from the MT.

[4] Additional verses from Psalm 118 appear later in the scroll, and verse 29 appears in both places.

[5] The word order is different from the MT.

[6] Spacing indicates that there are more words in this verse, but they cannot be read.

[7] Only part of the additions to 146:9 are preserved in the scroll.

[8] Additional verses from Psalm 118 appear earlier in the scroll, and verse 29 appears in both places. The verses in this section of Psalm 118 appear in this order with no breaks (verse 15 follows immediately after verse 1, verse 8 appears after verse 16, and verse 29 follows verse 9)

[9] The second half of verse 13 beginning “God is faithful…” is not present in the MT. The World English Bible has included the text through the word “deeds” because this is an acrostic psalm, with each verse beginning with a consecutive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. However, the verse beginning with the letter “nun” is missing in the MT. It is present in this verse of this scroll.

[10] This last line of Psalm 145 is apparently a postscript. Not all the words on this line of the scroll can be read.

[11] Psalm 154 is an apocryphal psalm not present in the MT or the Septuagint. It is preserved in some Syriac manuscripts. There is no known Hebrew manuscript that preserves this psalm except this scroll. The World English Bible does not provide a translation for this psalm.

[12] The female pronouns are apparently applying to God. They are masculine in the Syriac and there is a possibility that the pronouns in Hebrew were understood to be masculine, as the usage was present in some ancient Hebrew passages.

[13] The non-canonical psalm “Plea for Deliverance” was unknown prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

[14] The translation is very uncertain.

[15] The book of Ben Sirach is an apocryphal book that is not part of the Hebrew Bible, and there is no MT or other traditional Hebrew text for it. The World English Bible translation supplied here is based on the Septuagint. The convention in this web site of marking differences between the Hebrew of the scroll and the Hebrew of the MT is modified in this section to attempt to discern differences between the Hebrew of the scroll and the Greek in the Septuagint, which can be a little speculative.

[16] The non-canonical psalm “Apostrophe to Zion” was unknown prior to the discovery to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Fragments of “Apostrophe to Zion” are also preserved in scrolls 4Q88 Psalmsf and 11Q6 Psalmsb.

[17] The apocryphal Psalm 155 is not present in the MT or the Septuagint, but is preserved in some Syriac manuscripts. Until the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, no Hebrew manuscripts of this psalm were known. There is no World English Bible translation of this psalm at this time.

[18] The non-canonical psalm “Hymn to the Creator” was unknown before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and is found only in this scroll.

[19] The passage entitled “David’s Compositions” was unknown before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and is found only in this scroll.

[20] The apocryphal Psalm 151 is not in the MT, but is present in the Septuagint. The version in this scroll is the only Hebrew text preserved for Psalm 151, and it is very different from the Septuagint version. It appears to be broken into two psalms, labeled here as Psalm 151A and 151B.

How to read these pages:

      The translation to the left is based on the World English Bible. Words in regular black font are words in the scrolls matching the traditional text for that passage.

      Words in italics cannot be seen in the scroll, since the scroll is fragmentary. These words are supplied for readability by the World English Bible translation.

      Words present in the scroll but with some letters unreadable or missing are in blue like this: blue. One Hebrew word often is translated into multiple English words, and when this occurs, all the English words are in blue.

      Words present in the scroll but with spelling differences that do not affect the meaning are in green like this: green. This is common in Hebrew.

      If the scroll is different from the traditional text, words in the traditional text that are missing from the text of the scroll are marked through in red like this: strike-through.

      If the scroll is different from the traditional text, words in the scroll that are not in the traditional text are underlined in red like this: new words.